下面是一个归纳性的东西，但只供参考，因为语言主要是看环境
你可以说 let's have breakfast 但另一种情况是：let's have a fast breakfast 前者没有冠词，后者又有。
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1．表示抽象概括意义时
不可数名词和复数名词使用零冠词，例：
Books are my best friends．
书是我的好朋友。
Water boils at 100℃．
水在摄氏100度沸腾。
比较：The water in this river is undrinkable．
这条河的水不可饮用。
2．专有名词通常使用零冠词
例：
Lu Xun is a great Chinese writer．
鲁迅是一位伟大的中国作家。
London is the capital of England．
伦敦是英国的首都。
China is a developing socialist country．
中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家。
3．按照习惯下列各类名词使用零冠词
1）季节、月份、星期以及节假日等名词，
例：Summer begins in June in this part of the country．
这个地区夏天从六月份开始。
We have no classes on Sunday．
星期日我们不上课。
There are a lot of people shopping at Christmas．
在圣诞节有很多人购买东西。
2）三餐饭菜的名词，例：
have supper 吃晚饭
come to dinner 去吃饭
3）语言、运动、游戏等名词，例：
She speaks Chinese．
她说汉语。
He plays football．
他踢足球。
Let’s have a game of chess．
咱俩下盘棋吧。
4）在某些意义有改变的名词前要使用零冠词，例：
He has gone to school．（to learn）
他去上学了。
They were in church just now．（to worship）
现在他们在做礼拜。
同样， in hospital是“住院（治疗）”，in prison是“服刑”，等等。
注意：如果在这类名词前加冠词，则表示去那里干与之无关的事，例：
go to the school
可理解为去学校看望人，而不是“学习”。
4．在表示职位、头衔、身份等名词前
例：
Professor Wang 王教授
Doctor Tompson 汤普生医生
President Lincoln 林肯总统
Dean of the English Department 英语系主任
5.泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；
They are teachers. 他们是教师。
当两个或两个以上名词并用时，常省去冠词；
I can't write without pen or pencil.
没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字。
6.当by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词，例：
by bus，by train；
7.有些个体名词不用冠词；如：
school，college，prison，market，hospital，bed，table，class，town，church，court
等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义；
go to hospital 去医院看病
go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)
8不用冠词的序数词；
a. 序数词前有物主代词
b. 序数词作副词 He came first in the race.
c. 在固定词组中 at (the) first,first of all, from first to last
注：三餐饭前带有形容词修饰时，应加冠词：
have a quick breakfast .
当球类指具体事物时，应加冠词：
where is the football ?
8.中国乐器前面不加冠词，例如：
play erhu；play dizi
9.有些物质名词和抽象名词前永远用零冠词，即使有形容词，也用零冠词。常见的有：weather,progress,fun,advise,news,information,luck,furniture,wealth,honesty 等。
另外，man 表示“人类”和word 表示：“音讯时一般不加冠词，如：
It is well known that man has a very close relationship with environment.
众所周知，人类与环境关系非常密切。
用法举例如下：
一、加the的情况：
1、用在表示海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、港湾等的地理名词前。
the Pacific Ocean ? 太平洋、the Yangtze River ? 长江 、the Tianshan Mountains ? 天山山脉
2、用在表示姓氏的复数名词之前，表示一家人或夫妻俩。
The Greens are on holiday now.
格林一家人（夫妇）现在正在度假。
3、用于形容词、分词前，表示一类人或物。?
The injured were taken to the nearest hospital without delay.
受伤的人立刻被送到了最近的医院。
4、用于表示方位的名词前。
the east/south/west/north,?the southeast, the right, the left。
Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国的东部。
Hunan lies on the south of Hubei.湖南在湖北的南边。
5、用在一些固定搭配或习惯表达中，如all the time, at the age of...等。
I’ve kept on thinking about that all the time.?
我一直惦记着那件事。
二、不加the的情况：
1、定冠词不与表示一类人或事物的复数名词连用。
例如: I like reading the books.(×) I like reading books.(√)我喜欢看书。
2、定冠词不能用在某些习惯用语中的名词前面。
例如: I have lunch at the noon.(×) I have lunch at noon.(√)我在中午吃午饭。
3、定冠词不能用在某些专用名词和不可数名词前面。
例如:I like the China.(×) I like China.(√)我喜欢中国。
4、定冠词不能用在节日、日期、月份、季节前面。
例如: Today is the Teachers’ Day. (×) Today is Teachers’ Day.(√)今天是教师节。
5、定冠词不能用在表示称呼语或某些头衔的名词前面(尤其作表语、宾补时)。
例如:Good morning, the sir!(×) Good morning, sir! (√)早上好,先生!
专有名词+the一般有以下两种情况：
1、组合国名、缩写国名和复数形式的国家名前加the，如the Netherlands荷兰，the UK英国；
2、非营利性的大型组织、机构等前面都是要加定冠词the的，包括一些使用缩写的机构，比如：the?Commonwealth,?the?Fed,?the?EU,?the?WHO。
扩展资料：
专有名词不加the的情况：
1、人名、国名前通常不加the，例如：
Lu Xun?is a great Chinese writer.鲁迅是一位伟大的中国作家。
2、商业公司名称之前通常使用零冠词，例如：Cisco Systems, Microsoft, CBS, EMI, Hitachi, Lufthansa, Facebook等等。
3、如果一个地方的名字是由人名组成的，不需要加the。比如：Harrods 英国百货公司哈罗兹、Macys 梅西百货。
University of Oxford
I INTRODUCTION
Oxford University , oldest institution of higher learning in the English-speaking world. The university is located in Oxford, England.
II HISTORY
The town of Oxford was already an important center of learning by the end of the 12th century. Teachers from mainland Europe and other scholars settled there, and lectures are known to have been delivered by as early as 1117. Sometime in the late 12th century the expulsion of foreigners from the University of Paris (see Paris, Universities of) caused many English scholars to return from France and settle in Oxford. The students associated together, on the basis of geographical origins, into two “nations,” representing the North (including the Scots) and the South (including the Irish and the Welsh). In later centuries, geographical origins continued to influence many students' affiliations when membership of an Oxford college or hall became customary. Members of many religious orders, including Dominicans, Franciscans, Carmelites, and Augustinians, settled in Oxford in the mid-13th century, gained influence, and maintained houses for students. At about the same time, private benefactors established colleges to serve as self-contained scholarly communities. Among the earliest were the parents of John Balliol, King of Scotland; their establishment, Balliol College, bears their name. Another founder, Walter de Merton, a chancellor of England and afterwards bishop of Rochester, devised a series of regulations for college life; Merton College thereby became the model for such establishments at Oxford as well as at the University of Cambridge. Thereafter, an increasing number of students forsook living in halls and religious houses in favor of living at colleges.
The new learning of the Renaissance greatly influenced Oxford from the late 15th century onward. Among university scholars of the period were William Grocyn, who contributed to the revival of the Greek language, and John Colet, the noted biblical scholar. With the Reformation and the breaking of ties with Catholici**, the method of teaching at the university was transformed from the medieval Scholastic method to Renaissance education, although institutions associated with the university suffered loss of land and revenues. In 1636 Chancellor William Laud, archbishop of Canterbury, codified the university statutes; these to a large extent remained the university's governing regulations until the mid-19th century. Laud was also responsible for the granting of a charter securing privileges for the university press, and he made significant contributions to the Bodleian Library, the main library of the university.
The university was a center of the Royalist Party during the English Civil War (1642-1649), while the town favored the opposing Parliamentarian cause. Soldier-state**an Oliver Cromwell, chancellor of the university from 1650 to 1657, was responsible for preventing both Oxford and Cambridge from being closed down by the Puritans, who viewed university education as dangerous to religious beliefs. From the mid-18th century onward, however, the University of Oxford took little part in political conflicts.
Administrative reforms during the 19th century included the replacement of oral examinations with written entrance tests, greater tolerance for religious dissent, and the establishment of four colleges for women. Women have been eligible to be full members of the university and have been entitled to take degrees since 1920. Although Oxford's emphasis traditionally had been on classical knowledge, its curriculum expanded in the course of the 19th century and now attaches equal importance to scientific and medical studies.
The roster of distinguished scholars at the University of Oxford is long and includes many who have made major contributions to British politics, the sciences, and literature. Since its founding in 1823, the Oxford Union, a university club devoted to formal debating and other social activities, has numbered among its members many of Britain's most noted political leaders.
III ACADEMIC ORGANIZATION AND DISCIPLINES
There are 39 colleges within the university, each with its own internal structure and activities. The university's formal head is the chancellor, usually a distinguished politician, elected for life by the members of Convocation, a body comprising all members of the university who hold an M.A. degree. The vice-chancellor, who holds office for four years, is the head of the university's executive. In addition to Convocation, the other bodies that conduct university business are the Ancient House of Congregation, which confers degrees; the Hebdomadal Council, which formulates university policy; and the Congregation of the University, which discusses and pronounces on policies proposed by the Hebdomadal Council.
The university itself conducts examinations and confers degrees. The passing of two examinations is a prerequisite for a first degree. The first, called honor moderations or a preliminary examination, is usually held after the first or second year. The second, the honor school, is held at the end of the undergraduate course. Successful candidates receive first-, second-, or third-class honors based on their performance in these examinations. Research degrees at the master's and doctoral level are conferred in all subjects studied at graduate level at the university.
The heads of Oxford colleges are known by various titles, according to the college, including warden, provost, principal, president, or master. Undergraduate discipline is supervised by two university proctors, elected annually on a rotating basis from two of the colleges. Teaching members of the colleges (fellows and tutors) are collectively and familiarly known as dons. In addition to residential and dining facilities, the colleges provide social, cultural, and recreational activities for their members.
Formal instruction is available for undergraduates in the form of lectures. In addition, each undergraduate works with a college tutor, who is responsible for overseeing the student's academic progress. Since 1902, students from the Commonwealth of Nations countries and from certain other overseas countries have been able to study at Oxford under Rhodes Scholarships, established by the British colonial state**an Cecil John Rhodes.
IV BUILDINGS AND LIBRARIES
Notable amid the predominantly Gothic architecture of the university is Christ Church's Tom Quad, the largest quadrangle in the university. It houses above its gateway Great Tom, a 7-ton bell. Other famed structures are the Sheldonian Theatre, designed by the English architect, scientist, and mathematician Sir Christopher Wren and used as an assembly hall, and the domed Radcliffe Camera, used as one of the reading rooms of the Bodleian Library.
The main university library, the Bodleian, was built in the early 17th century as an extension to the university's existing 15th-century library. Its collections were established in 1602 by the English scholar and diplomat Sir Thomas Bodley, who gave the university a collection of books he had purchased in Europe. The present collection of bound volumes and manuscripts includes valuable holdings of biblical codices, Far Eastern literature, and material on British history. Like the British Library, the Bodleian is a copyright library, entitled to receive a copy of every book published in the United Kingdom.
Among several university museums is the Ashmolean Museum of Art and Archaeology, with fine collections of Eastern and European art and Middle Eastern archaeology. The first public museum in Great Britain, it was founded by the English antiquary Elias Ashmole and was opened in 1683.
Books were first printed for the university in 1478, soon after William Caxton printed the first book in England. Today the Oxford University Press annually publishes hundreds of distinguished books of scholarly and general interest, including the renowned Oxford English Dictionary (see Dictionary).
一、不要加the
1、如果不可数名词，一般不加the。
I want advice. (√)
解析：泛指任何建议，都有用，不用定冠词。
2、如果是可数名词的复数，一般也不加the
We need to read books to be knowledgeable. (√)?
解析：我们需要读书，不管什么书都可以，泛指。
二、要加the
1、如果不可数名词是特指，要加the。
特指往往就是有一个限定（形容词、分词、或者其他形式的定语）。
The advice he gave me was useful.?(√)
解析：advice后面出现了定语从句，特指这个人给我的建议
2、如果可数名词的复数是特指，那么加the
The books in this library have been damaged. (√)
解析：出现了In this library这个后置定语，特指一个图书馆里的书。
3、如果可数名词的单数出现了限定，特指，就用the.
I need proofread the essay I wrote last night. (√)
解析：essay后面出现了定语从句，特指昨天晚上写的文章。
4、在少数情况下，如果可数名词单数表达的是一类东西，用定冠词the
The tiger is a meat eater. (√)
这句话说的是老虎这种动物，而不是特指一个老虎。
扩展资料
加the与不加the的短语：
1、词组in the front of表示“在……（范围内的）前面”；而in front of表示“在……（范围外的）前面”。
2、at table意为“吃饭；进餐”；at the table意为“在桌边”。如：
He seldom talks at table. 他吃饭时很少说话。
3、go to school意为“开始求学；到校上课”；go to the school意为“去学校（但不一定是上学）。”
He usually goes to school by bike. 他通常骑自行车到校上课。
4、in charge of（=take charge of），意为“主管；看管；在……看管之下”，主语是人；in the charge of意为“负责管理；负责照料”，主语是事物（物）。
Teacher Wang was in charge of our class. 王老师负责我们班级。
5、at sight意为“一看见就”，一般放在句末；at the sight of意为“在看到……时”，可放在名首或句末。
He plays music at sight. 他事先无准备地看谱演奏。