1.大学英语作文写作技巧
1.认真审题立意
文章要有清晰的主题，必须具备四个条件：准确、清晰、深刻和集中。以作文“The English teacher I Admire Most”为例，文章的主题是关于记叙我最欣赏的一位英语老师，因而就不能泛泛谈论老师这一职业或自己的几位老师。
2. 起草大纲
文章布局有三件事要做：安排好层次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。如果命题作文中有提示句，还要从提示句的关键词开始，围绕关键词展开思维，发挥联想，记录想到的东西。提示句的关键词可以是一个句子或一个单词短语，也可以是英语或汉语。
3.写出主题句，理清文章脉络
一篇短文的段落一般分为引导段、主题段和结尾段，每段的主题句都很重要。主题句是作者思考的出发点，是切题的准绳，也是论述的对象。当看到主题句时，读者就会对这段话所讲的内容有所了解。
段落的主题句通常是语法结构完整、内容概括、用词简洁明了的单句，通常放在段落的开头，这样可以使文章的结构更清晰，更有说服力。
4.参考提纲，紧扣主题句
有了段落主题句之后，还需要跟随段落主题句的方向，参考提纲中的思路，从而完成每个段落。引导段要能够吸引读者的注意力和兴趣，为主题段铺路架桥。主题段应该围绕文章和段落的主题展开。展开方法包括顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法，和下定义等。
2.大学英语作文写作技巧
一、审题
我们拿到作文后第一件事要做的是审题。审题的作用在于写作不跑题( 如果跑题, 条理和语言再好, 也得不到及格分, 甚至0 分。) 审题就是要审作文的体裁和题材。因为什么样的体裁就会用什么样的题材去写。就四级而言,它包括议论文、说明文和描述文。从近些年来看, 四级作文不是单一的体裁, 而是几种体裁的杂合体。
二、组织结构
通过审题, 我们知道了写作的思路, 下边就是怎样组织文章。文章的结构一般包括开头、正文、结尾3 部分。就四级作文而言, 多为三段式论说文: 第一段为开头, 点题开篇; 第二段为正文, 展开论述; 第三段为结尾, 总结全文,作出结论。一般的, 开头、结尾部分应见解明确, 主体部分论证应全面、充分。总之, 开头、正文、结尾是一篇文章的有机组成部分, 切忌结构不完整或不合理。段落内部的结构通常也分为3 部分: 提出观点( 主题句) , 论证观点( 扩展句) , 得出结论( 结论句) 。
三、开头
文章开头的方法有很多, 如引语法、主题句法、数字统计法、提问法、举例法等。就四级短文写作而言, 最重要的不是采用什么方法, 而是要做到以简洁的笔墨引入正题,切忌写成一个 狮子头! 。如以On Automobiles 为题的文章, 有的同学这样开头: Automobile is a means of transportation. In Jinan alone there are over 100, 000 cars. It. s estimated that there are at least 50 million ones in the world. It is a large number. From this, we can see that automobiles have become major kind of useful vehicle in the world.
120 字的短文, 开头就占用了40 多字, 留给正文和结论段的篇幅和时间就很少了。何况, 这段内容与汽车带来的利弊这一主题关系并不直接, 其中的数字也不见得准确。因此, 这样的开头不可取。事实上, 上段开头完全可以写得简洁直接一些, 如: As an important means of transportation, automobiles are enjoying growing popularity all over the world.
四、主题句
主题句是全段的核心句, 可以帮助读者了解段落的中心思想, 限制话题范围, 并表明段落展开的方向。它可置于段首, 段中或段尾。对于四级写作而言, 把主题句置于段首更易于扣住中心展开论述。对主题句的运用有以下几点要求:
1. 主题句应具有高度概括性, 换言之就是整个段落应紧紧围绕主题句来写, 不能出现与之无关的内容。
2. 主题句应是个完整的句子。
3. 主题句不应过于笼统, 否则就失去了对整段的统帅作用。
4. 主题句不应太具体, 否则会没有进一步展开的空间。如: The dictionary is **all 这样的句子。
近年来常见的作文题型是提纲式作文, 这些提纲句如果是汉语, 往往可以被翻译成英语来充当段落主题句, 如果是英语就可以把它扩充成主题句。例如有一年四级题目Good Health , 提纲有三条, 分别是:
1. Importance of good health
2.Ways to keep fit
3. My own practice
这样的作文要求句就可以扩展成主题句。扩展后三段的主题句分别为:
* It is very important to have good health. ( 把名词importance 变成形容词important)
* There are four ways to keep fit for me. ( 用there be 句型)
* My own practices are the following.
五、结尾
如前所述, 文章的结论应紧扣主题, 呼应文章开头。这种呼应不是对开头的简单重复, 而是主题的升华或深入。从篇幅来看, 结尾应该短小精悍。常见结尾写法有:
1. 总结文章主要内容, 这是最常见的方法。
2. 提出希望或展望未来。
3. 对文章提出的观点进行反问, 启发读者思考。如:An open China has realized the importance of business. Why should we give up this opportunity and rely on agriculture?
4. 引用谚语或名人名言印证自己观点。
六、条理
保证不跑题是写作中第一重要任务, 第二个重要任务是条理清楚。对于议论文来说, 正反面要清楚, 对于说明文来说, 1、2、3条要清楚。对于描述文来说, 谁干什么要清楚。举Good Health 一例。第一段保持正反面要清楚就应该这样写: 主题句( It is very important to have good health) , 正面(With good health, we can. . . . ) , 反面(Without good health,we can do nothing. We can. t do . . . . . )
第二段应这样写: 主题句( There are four ways to keep fit) , 从几方面说明: Firstly ,we should have our breakfast in the morning. Secondly, we should have a nap at noon, Thirdly,sports exercises are necessary in the afternoon. And fourth, we could have a pleasant feeling in the evening by listening to the music. . . .为了使文章更具条理性, 我们可以用first ( ly) , second( ly) , third( ly) 等副词, 使文章的条理性突出, 作文是主观性题, 要想得高分我们必须把评卷老师考虑进去。评卷老师时间很短( 每份卷子的作文只有一两分钟就要阅完) 。
所以我们在列条条时不用: To begin with, after that,and then , the next , the following , at last, 因为这样的词语不利于阅卷老师看出你作文的条理性。第三段应这样写: 主题句(My own practice are the fol..lowing) , 具体情况( 主语为第一人称代词I, 与第二段呼应)In the morning , I have my breakfast. At noon, I have a nap.And in the afternoon, I always play football . In the evening, I usually listen to the classic music.
写作是英语学习者语言综合运用能力的体现，它需要日积月累，反复练习才能有所提高。写作本身就是一种再创作，一种思想升华，不同的人会有不同的理解和看法。学习者只要悉心揣摩，细心观察，不断总结，做一个英语学习中的有心人，势必可以熟能生巧，妙笔生花。
3.大学英语作文写作技巧
“没有规矩，不成方圆。”对于一般英语学习者而言，写出优秀的文章有赖于后天习得，但并不意味着机械背诵、生吞活剥，或者照搬照抄、人云亦云。所谓研习，需要有独立思考和个人的判断，本着“他山之石，可以攻玉”的精神，汲取文章的精华部分加以研究。研习主要侧重两个方面，包括文章章法和语言表达。文章章法指文章的行文思路、布局谋篇、结构安排、逻辑顺序。许多学习者面对一个话题，可能存在两种不同的困惑，一是下笔千言，但离题万里;二是思绪万千，却无从落笔。导致两种困惑的根源皆在于欠缺思考问题、组织思路的恰当方式，以至于文章不得要领、章法紊乱。这就要求我们从全篇脉络角度多研习范文，之后领悟如何以演绎法行文、怎样用归纳法谋篇以及如何围绕特定话题拓展思路等等。此外，研习还要侧重于语言表达，包括遣词造句和句子、段落之间的各种衔接手段，以期在自己日后的写作中派上用场，因为英文写作皆通一理。只有善于借鉴，勤加研究，才会借他人的优势和长处，提高自己的写作水平。
4.大学英语作文写作技巧
背诵是提高写作的又一有效途径。要学好写作文，首先要处理好语言输入与输出之间的关系。前者是后者的前提条件。如果头脑空空如也，就根本谈不上写出像模像样的文章。只有读过大量东西，并且有意识地将其中精彩部分储存于记忆之中(commit the highlights to memory)，才能保证下笔流畅、文通字顺。因此，背诵对于写作极为重要。但背诵不是机械记忆，而是有选择性的背诵，是有意义的记忆。因为机械背诵的结果要么是记忆很快就荡然无存、了无痕迹，要么是无法活学活用、付诸实践。背诵包括五个方面：重点词汇、常用套语、精彩句子、优秀段落、经典篇章。
5.大学英语作文写作技巧
美妙的用词及搭配皆在此列，像fall victim(受害)，stand a fair chance(大有希望)这种地道的动宾搭配要勤加记忆。为了积累写作词汇，应将文中同属一个话题的用词汇总归纳，组成主题词族(topic family)。归类记忆可以使自己日后即写即用，得心应手。下文是一篇阐释爱心的优秀文章，多处用词精巧，现将文中关于爱心这一主题的词汇总结如下：
emotional strength 情感的力量
the noblest of human emotions人类尚的情感
no thought of gain不计得失
the lamp of love爱心之灯
help the victims of natural disasters支援自然灾害受害者
donate whatever they can倾囊相助
help their needy fellow citizens 帮助有需要的同胞
be ready to give a helping hand 随时准备伸出援手
When we use the word "love", we do not simply mean an attraction to a person of the opposite sex, which is a very narrow definition of the word. Love is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes. In fact, throughout history people of many different cultures have regarded love as the noblest of human emotions.
As an example of the power of love, we should remember how the Chinese people of all nationalities respond to the call to help the victims of natural disasters every year. Although their incomes are still low by international standards, people all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can — be it money or goods — to help their needy fellow citizens. Moreover, they do this with no thought of gain for themselves.
In my opinion, the best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are. We should always be ready to give a helping hand to those who are in trouble, no matter whether they are family members or complete strangers. In this way, we can help to make the world a better place, for the darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines.
当我们用“爱”这个词时，我们不仅仅指异性对一个人的吸引，这只是对这个词非常狭隘的解释。爱心是一种情感的力量，不论我们周围的世界多么黑暗，爱心都能支撑我们。事实上，纵观历史，不同文化背景的人都把爱看成是人类尚的情感。
说到爱心的力量，我们马上就会想起每年中国各族人民是如何响应号召支援自然灾害受害者的。尽管按照国际标准他们的收入还处于低水平，全国人民毫不犹豫地倾囊相助——不管是钱还是物——帮助那些有需要的同胞。而且，他们这么做并不考虑自己的得失。
我认为，表达爱心的方式是帮助比我们更加不幸的人。我们应该随时准备向有困难的人伸出援助之手，无论他们是家庭成员还是素昧平生。这样，我们就能够助一臂之力把世界变成一个更美好的地方，因为，悲伤的阴影越黑暗，爱心之灯的光芒就越闪亮。
Busy with work, how efficient use of time你经常说,“我想这样做,但我没有时间?” Learning to manage time is a problem for many people.学会管理时间,是很多人的问题. Employers, employees, students, and home managers alike complain that there are never enough hours in the day to get things done.雇主,雇员,学生,家庭管理人员都抱怨说,有一天没有足够的时间来把事情做好. The essence of time management is to put some things first, others second, and still others third.时间管理的实质就是把一些东西第一,他人第二,还有人的三分之一. Set goals and order them from most to least important.设定目标和最责令其最不重要的. Then develop a time plan for meeting them.然后制定一个满足他们时间的计划. Control your actions in order to make the most of your time.控制你的行动,以使你的大部分时间. Learning to manage time means learning to manage yourself.学习管理时间就是管理自己的学习. Time management is not a device to make you work harder and longer.时间管理不是一个装置,使您的工作强度和时间. Rather, it is a means to help you "work **arter" to accomplish your work more easily and rapidly.相反,它是一种手段来帮助你“更聪明地工作”来完成您的工作更加容易和迅速. Management of your time can allow for work, rest, leisure, and social activities.你的时间管理可以让工作,休息,休闲和社交活动. It isn't necessary to become a "workaholic" just because you manage all of your time.它不是要成为一个“工作狂”,因为你管理你的所有时间. Availablity Time有效性的时间 During some periods of the day and week, you have to be available to be with others.在每周的一天,某些时期,你必须提供能与他人. For example, busy executives must schedule time to meet with office personnel, managers, production workers, and others under their supervision.例如,忙碌的行政人员必须安排时间来会见办公室人员,管理人员,生产工人,和其他人在其监督下. Think of yourself as a management executive!想象自己是一个管理执行! Set aside some of your available time for other members of your family or people with whom you work.撇开你对你的家庭成员或者其他人可以用一些时间与您的工作. Also try to reduce interruptions during your best working hours.同时尽量减少工作时间在你最好的中断. You can accomplish twice as much in one quiet hour as in two regular hours of frequent interruptions.您可以实现两倍频繁中断两小时,经常在一小时安静许多. Analyze Your Time Problems分析你的时间问题 Do you need to learn to balance the use of your time? Time is usually divided among work, rest, and leisure activities. 你需要学习如何平衡你的使用时间?时间通常是休息之间划分工作,和休闲活动. Balance means there must be time for work outside the home, for developing and maintaining happy family relationships, for rest and sleep, and for individual activities, such as playing tennis.平衡意味着必须为家庭以外的工作时间,休息和睡眠,并为个别活动的开发和维护幸福的家庭关系,如打网球. Is your primary need to accept the limitation of time? During some periods in our lives, there is clearly not enough time to do everything we would like to do. 是您的第一需要接受时间的限制呢?在我们生活中的某些时期,但显然没有足够的时间做一切我们想做的事. This is particularly important for parents of **all children and for individuals trying to combine home management with holding an outside job, volunteer activities, or going to school.这是特别重要的小型儿童的家长和个人的努力结合起来,举行一个外部工作,义工活动,放学回家或去管理. In this case, we must recognize limited time and learn to omit less important activities in order to free up time for those which are essential.在这种情况下,我们必须认识到,学习时间有限,省略次要的活动,以免费为那些有必要的时间. Is minimizing work time your basic objective? It may be necessary to simplify your jobs. 减少工作时间是你的基本目标是什么?可能需要简化你的工作. The family may plan simpler meals, modify standards, or use easier maintenance materials.家庭可能计划简单饭菜,修改标准,或使用更容易保养的材料. It may be necessary to hire help, or use commercial services.可能有必要聘请的帮助,或使用商业服务. Is your primary need to find some time for yourself? A high priority sometimes must be assigned to spending some time on yourself, to clarify your own values and feelings, to start or develop a hobby or work interest, even to preserve your sanity! 是您的第一需要找一些自己的时间吗?一个高度优先有时必须分配给自己花一些时间,以澄清自己的价值观和感受,以启动或发展业余爱好或工作的兴趣,甚至保持自己的清醒! Improving your ability to say "No" and developing clear communication with others may be a crucial part of time management.提高你的能力说“不”,发展与他人的沟通可能是一个明确的时间管理的关键组成部分. Saying "No" takes practice.说“不”需要练习. Remember that saying "No" to one activity means saying "Yes" to another, more important one.请记住,说“不”的一项活动就是讲“是”另一个更重要的一个. Set Your Goals设定您的目标 In order to manage your time efficiently, you must first decide on your goals.为了有效地管理你的时间,你必须先决定你的目标. Personal, professional, social, family, and financial goals are all important and all require time in which to achieve them.个人,职业,社会,家庭和财务目标都重要,都需要时间来实现这些目标. Most of us want to work toward more than one goal.我们大多数人想向一个以上的工作目标. The essential requirement is that you think it through and decide what you want to accomplish.其基本要求是,你认为它通过和决定你想要完成的任务. Decide which people, organizations, and causes are more important to you than others.决定哪些人,组织,更重要的原因是比别人给你. After deciding what your goals are, write them down.在决定你的目标是什么,写下来. Otherwise your goals may remain unclear and you'll never know whether you've achieved them.否则你的目标可能仍不清楚,你永远不知道你是否已经取得了他们. Select activities that will help you accomplish your goals.选择活动,将帮助你实现你的目标. Realizing that you can't do everything all at one time, you may want to divide large, long-term projects into a series of short-term projects that can be completed one by one in more manageable periods of time.认识到你不能在同一时间做所有的东西,你可能要划分成一个短期可以完成的时间更易于管理的时期之一一系列大型项目,长期项目. Many **aller steps, or short-term objectives, must be accomplished in order to reach the long-range, final goal.许多较小的步骤,或短期目标,必须完成,以达到远程的最终目标. Give high priority to meeting deadlines for this series of short-run tasks.高度重视这次会议的最后期限为短期的一系列任务. Otherwise, time is frittered away and no progress is made.否则,时间浪费了,没有取得进展. Where Does Your Time Go Now?那么你的时间去吗? Typical Time Wasters典型的浪费时间 Some common time wasters will also show up in your time log.一些常见的浪费时间也将显示在你的时间记录. In both home and the business world, common time wasters are the telephone, unexpected visitors, meetings, junk mail, putting things off, not knowing what to do next, and clutter.在家庭和商业世界,共同的时间浪费是电话,意外的访客,会议,垃圾邮件,拖,不知道下一步该怎么做,和杂波. Other reasons that time goes by with nothing to show for it are personal disorganization, lack of priorities, procrastination, excessive television watching, and over-involvement in routine details.当时,与任何东西来证明它去其他原因是个人的解体,优先事项,拖延,没有过多的看电视,和过度的日常细节的参与. Design Your Own Time Plan设计您自己的时间计划 A time plan can be a general outline of things you want to do in the near future or it can be a highly detailed schedule.一时间计划可以是一个事物的一般概述你想在不久的将来,也可以是一个非常详细的时间表. Few people can keep complete track of all goals, all plans, and all activities, so get some paper and make some lists.很少有人能够保存所有的目标,所有的计划完全跟踪,而所有活动,以便获得一些文件,并提出一些名单. The easiest time plan is simply a "List of Projects," large and **all, to be done as time is available and as the spirit moves you to accomplish them.最简单的时间计划是一个简单的项目清单“,”大和小,需要做的时间可以和你的精神来完成这些动作. When you have a lot of time, this list of reminders may be enough.当你有很多时间,这提醒列表可能就足够了. Another time plan is a list of "Series of Projects," which includes time sequences.还有一次计划是“一系列项目清单”,其中包括时间序列. You have to decide which activities must be done first, which second, and so forth.你必须决定哪些活动必须首先进行,其中第二,等等. A third plan, a "Time Schedule," is detailed.第三个计划,一个“时间表”,是详细. It includes both a sequence of projects and estimates of time necessary for doing them.它包括一个序列的项目和时间估计为他们做必要的. Making out the schedule forces you to take a look at your entire day or week and make some true decisions as to the importance of various activities.开出的时间表逼着你看看你的整个一天或一周看,并就各项活动的重要性,一些真实的决定. Recognize that while planning takes time at the beginning, it saves much more time in the end.认识到在计划发生在开始时间,这样可以节省更多的结束时间. Making Your Plan Work让您的策划工作 No time plan works miracles.没有时间计划的运作的奇迹. There will always be interruptions and problems.总是会有中断和问题. However, advanced planning can usually assist you in carrying out the task instead of becoming too distracted.但是,先进的规划通常可以协助执行任务,而不是你变得过于分散. If you are going to have unusually heavy demands on your time and energy, plan in advance those ways to meet the peak load periods.如果你要对你的时间和精力,事先计划的方式,以满足高峰负荷期间不寻常的大量需求. Start working early enough to avoid a last minute rush.及早开始工作,以避免延误. Complete other regular jobs in advance so more time will be available for special needs.完成其他预先固定的工作,以便将更多的时间用于特殊需要提供. Time Management Strategies时间管理策略 Regardless of the time plan you select, strategies of managing time can be helpful.计划你的时间选择,管理时间的策略,无论是有益的. Try the following:尝试以下方法： Make and use a "Things To Do" list everyday.制作和使用“必做之事”的清单每天. List and do them in order of importance.名单,做他们的重要性顺序. Keep a notebook and calendar with you all the time.随身携带一本笔记本和日历中的所有的时间. Use them for listing tasks to be completed, appointments, and shopping needs.利用上市他们完成任务,约会和购物需要. Use your waiting time.用你的等待时间. Accomplish **all chores while you wait, such as reading, writing letters, or making a shopping list.完成小家务,而你等待,如阅读,写信,或制作一个购物清单. Look at waiting time as a gift of time rather than a waste of time.在等待看作为一个时间,而不是浪费时间礼物的时间. Guard yourself against agreeing to do things that you don't have time to do well.后卫对自己同意做的事情,你没有时间去做好. Learn how to say "No" or "I really don't have time to do a good job, it wouldn't be fair of me to take this on."学习如何说“不”或“我真的没有时间做一个好工作,也不会是我参加这个公平.” Be firm!要坚定! Don't let unplanned activities drain away your own plan for using the day.不要让计划外的活动流失的日子里,你使用自己的计划. Refuse calls you don't want to take; don't let others drop in, especially when you are taking advantage of your best work period; and if you want friends to call, schedule a given hour of the day when your door is "open."垃圾叫你不想参加,不要让别人在下降,尤其是当你正在你最好的工作期间的优势,如果你想要的朋友打电话,安排一小时的一天给你的门时是“开放.“ Reasonable people will understand and respect you if you ask them to make an appointment.理性的人会理解和尊重你,如果你问他们预约. Organize an office in your home.组织您的家庭办公室. Collect and file records and supplies needed frequently in order to reduce frustration and lost time.收集和记录,并提供所需的文件经常以减少挫折和损失的时间. Concentrate on one thing at a time.在一点上是集中在一个时间. Put all your energy into the task at hand.放入手头的任务,你的精力. Tune out interruptions.调出中断. Don't waste time thinking of all the things that have to be done.不要浪费时间的所有事情都要做思想.